9 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis HEALTH AREA

9 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Ten risk factors for osteoporosis are…


1. Gender

Gender is a risk factor for osteoporosis that is uncontrollable. Women are 4-times more likely than men to develop osteoporosis. Women over the age of 50 have the greatest risk of developing the disease. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, one of every two women over age 50 will likely have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime and 75-percent of all cases of hip osteoporosis affect women.

The higher risk for osteoporosis in women is a direct result of reduced estrogen levels at menopause. Estrogen is a hormone that helps regulate the menstrual cycle of women, but it also plays a role in keeping bonees strong and healthy. The dramatic drop in estrogen production due to menopause translates into a significant loss of bonee mass and density. In fact, the majority of the loss of bonee mass in women occurs the in the years immediately after menopause.

2. Age

Age is another risk factor for osteoporosis that is uncontrollable. Osteoporosis is one of the most common conditions associated with aging. In general, men and women achieve maximum bonee mass around age 30. After age 30, bonee mass naturally begins to decline with age. As a result, the risk of developing osteoporosis increases with age. By about age 75, both men and women lose bonee mass at the same rate.

Women and men over the age of 50 have the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, one of every two women and one in every four men over age 50 will likely have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime. Researchers from the Medical University of Vienna estimate 33-percent of community-dwelling individuals older than age 65 experience falls every year. The elderly with osteoporosis are at substantial risk for fractures with falls.

3. Ethnicity

Ethnicity is another risk factor for osteoporosis that is uncontrollable. Caucasian and Asian women are at the highest risk for the development of osteoporosis. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), an estimated 20-percent of Caucasian women and 20-percent of Asian women age 50 and older have osteoporosis. The NOF also estimates that 15-percent of Caucasian women and 90-percent of Asian women are lactose intolerant, which can make it difficult to get enough calcium for strong bonees.

African-American and Hispanic women can develop osteoporosis, but are at less risk. According to the NOF, an estimated 5-percent of African-American women and 10-percent of Hispanic women age 50 and older have osteoporosis. An estimated 70-percent of African-American women are lactose intolerant. The differences in rates of osteoporosis among women of different ethnicities may be explained by research findings confirming that African-American and Hispanic women tend to have higher bonee density throughout their lives.

4. Family History

Family history, or heredity, is one of the most important risk factors for the development of osteoporosis. It is also a risk factor for osteoporosis that is uncontrollable. An individual’s risk of osteoporosis is increased if one or more first-degree relatives (parent, sister, or brother) has the disease. The risk of osteoporosis is even greater if a first-degree relative has an osteoporosis-related fracture in the wrist, hip, or spine.

The United States Preventative Services Task Force recommends screening for osteoporosis in women age 65 or older, and earlier screening for women age 50-64 years with certain risk factors. For example, a 55-year old Asian woman whose parent had a hip fracture should consider early screening for osteoporosis. Researchers understand family history and osteoporosis to be a complex interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.

5. Low Body Weight

Low body weight is a controllable risk factor for osteoporosis. Weighing less than 127-pounds or having a body mass index (BMI) less than 21-kilogram/meter2 increases the risk for the development of osteoporosis. BMI is calculated by dividing an individuals weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters squared. BMI is an indirect measure to assess body fatt and has been used for years to predict disease risk.

Women and men with a low body weight tend to have smaller bonees, which translate into having less bonee mass. Decreased bonee mass combined with increased bonee loss as an individual ages, further increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. In women, weight loss during the first few years after menopause causes even greater bonee loss. Furthermore, individuals with low body weight have less fatt around areas like the hips to cushion the impact of falls, which translates into an increased risk of fractures.

6. Smoking
7. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
8. Chronic Diseases
9. Lack of Exercise

9 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
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